CH9

• uislands bc gov law that engoarged farmers to deforeest but scientists saw oppurtunity for controlled experiment 
• fragmwntologist
• 50 000 000 square miles are ice free
• half of his land to cropland and pasture cities hopping mals etc
• 3/5 of remaining is forrest 
• rest is high mountains tundra or desrt
• im confused about why anthromes are a better clasification than bioms
• one road becomes branches of deforestation
• ring and fling band and release
• for first year popoulation of birds i deforested raea  join and bigger
• keeps on dropping (number and variety)
• bc more mpetition for fewer recorces
• keps on going down
• islands tend to be specis poor
• smaller populations ae morevunerable to hance
• smaller popultaion means that there is a bigger effect of mall casue s on the population
• smal populations lead to local extintion
• also corerates with speciation
• many species in relsation with army ants
• the tropics were home to as many as thirty million species of arthropods.
• much more than number of bird or mammal species
• very fast species lost due to habitat rduction
• ther is  lag to the process
• hard to know but bc populations remain but will eithersurvive or die iff due to chance
• if we cut the forrests up we wil lose bith flora and fauna
• arnt enough colonie sof ants to support birds when some go into satatr y phase

Ch 10

• bwst tie to take bat po is in winter bc they hibernate
• white stuff all ovr bats
• sae substance was found i oerbat caves 
• affected the bats notes
• Geomyces destructans.
• whithout human help hard for spicies to cross pysical oandrays
• darwin found tat ocean wernt as uch as problem as hethoght
• realized that continent smust have shifted
• causes them to be itchy and use up fat storse that would be used for hibernation
• loose moisture through skin 
• magority o f ariving species
• if it sucides pouatioon expans rapidly
• only a fe invasive spevies will get tobe sicessul
• invasive spieces either fillor take ver niche
• if eithe rthe ost or parasite wants to survive ne has to adapt to beat the other
• chestnut trees were wipe out when resitenat japanese trees wer brought 
• incasesive specis are a hugeee e problem
• we are recraeting pagea like connetions
• we are the moset succeful invasive pseccies
•  eventually if this keps upbiodiversity will go away
• white nose eveloved in europe along withother species
• V

CH11

• only 5 specie of rhino still exist
• lonly not pack animals
• rhinos being reescued inot into captviity is simply not working 
• used to be large birds that filled niches of derr
• darwin concluded that over hunting caused so,e global extinctions
• 3 pulses of exinction centered at diffrent places worls=dwide
• mans arival is only possible eason
• climate change would lead to a megea fsuna extinction
• large ani,als tend to reproduce lowly
• humans would just have to be avg for an wieot to take place like it did

12

• neadathral bones turn up all over te place
• consitint they seeem to be vansihing
• lots of causes ar cited
• thier bad luck was us
• humansarived 40 000 years ago
• when they made thier way nto a reigon nethndls disapeered
• people are aruond 4% neandrathal
• humans breeded with neandrathals, and as a result neadrathalgnes were added to tthe pool
• lots found in neander valley
• they could probably paas for humans
• enzymes destroy dna when die
• depending on country more ir less simiar to nendrathals
• before replacing had ex
• non human apes re clever
• social cues are stronger in humans
• easier to be tght if human
• could b ea s simple a cause as 1 mutation
• must have bred with denisovans also
• one main suspect for earyly himi species
• other primate spoulations ar declining fast
• we will be last great apes
• neaantrathal used tools
• lacke asthetic mutation

13

• saved the dn of the po'uli
• scintests preserve whatof left of species by frezing tels
• humans have evidence but refuse to act
• we can still revitalize species population
• you can support presvationindrctly by joing funds for wildlife